Topographical Analyses of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Based Very High-Resolution Digital Surface Models for Archaeological Sites

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can provide very useful image data sets for exploring structures at archaeological sites. The digital surface model (DSM) is a type of data set that can be derived from UAV images by using photogrammetric materials and methods. The aim of this research is firstly to obtain a very high-resolution DSM and secondly, to perform geographic information system (GIS)-based topographical analyses of the archaeological site at Sebastopolis. The ancient city of Sebastopolis is in the Sulusaray district of the Tokat province in Turkey\u27s Black Sea region; the site belongs to the Hellenistic/Roman period. This study shows that the multirotor type of UAV is particularly useful for applications that require flying at very low altitude above archaeological sites and that DSMs that can be derived in this way are very effective for analysing the topographical structure of archaeological sites in detail

UAV Based Agricultural Planning and Landslide Monitoring

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is finding a wide application field in areas such as map production, land survey, landslide, erosion, agricultural activities, and forest fires monitoring. In this study, an UAV equipped with SONY 6000 camera was used. The flight plan was prepared from 100 m height, and having 80% overlap and 60% sidelap rates. GNSS geodetic receivers and Ground Control Points (GCPs) were observed. GNSS signals were processed with LGO V.8.4 software to receive precise location information. 291 photographs for 50 hectares of landslide area were taken by UAV. All photos were processed by PIX4D software. In the field of the landslide area, 8 GCPs were included in the evaluation. 3D model were produced with pixel matching algorithms. Six period flights in different months were made for the landslide area and ground movements between the periods were observed. During this time interval , the volume of moving soil was determined. At the end of the study, RMSE for soil movement was obtained ±1.79 cm for landslide area. This study demonstrates that UAV-based high resolution orthophoto, 3D terrain model and point cloud data sets can be used to monitor the landslide, especially in micro small areas. It also was revealed that this method has some advantages over other traditional geomatics methods

Land Degradation in the Çelikli Basin, Turkey

The relationship between soil degradation and wheat yield was analyzed in the Çelikli basin, Turkey. Geographic information system (GIS) and factor analysis techniques were used for evaluations. Wheat yield has changed between 600 and 3780 kg ha−1. Soil penetration resistance (PR) was below 2 MPa in 34.92% of the topsoils and was over 2 MPa in the entire of subsoils. The soil loss changed from 0 to 152.8 ton ha−1 year−1. Soils in the study area were generally low in plant-available water (PAW) content. Compared to P, K content was sufficient in top and subsoils in most of the study area. The results showed that B and Zn contents were low, and Cu, Mn, Fe, and Cd contents were adequate. Boron content was less than 0.5 mg kg−1 in 85.5% of the cultivated and 82.9% of the grassland, and Zn was less than 0.5 mg kg−1 in 99.7% of the study area. Low organic matter, low water-holding capacity, high penetration resistance, and deficiency of some macro- and micronutrients were the most important limiting factors of wheat yield. Crop rotation and P, B, and Zn application can help restore soil productivity in cultivated areas of the study area

CBS ile Yeşilırmak Nehir Yatağı Tokat merkez bölümünde deprem riskinin irdelenmesi

Tokat province was established hundreds years ago and has rapidly grown since 1960’s. In spite of being on the first degree of  earthquake zone, the planning and application facilities have not been maintained parallel to the growing and the lands, which is not suitable for settlements, have been used to consruct public or commercial buildings. One of the misused lands is the riverbed of Yeşilırmak in Tokat province city centre. In this study, land use changes in this area have been determined and interpretated in terms of earthquake by using GIS and RS. For this purpose, firstly, the areal photograph taken in 1963 and one meter high resolution satellite image sensed in 2001 by IKONOS of study area were obtained. Secondly, areal photograph of study area has been scanned and coordinated by using georeferencing process in ArcMap software according to the coordinates of satellite image which has been geometricly corrected in the previous studies. After geometric correction of aerial photograph of study area, the shore line of riverbed has been vectorized as a line object by hand digitizing method. And then shore line data, counterlines (in 20 m), geological map, digital elevation model derived from counterlines and satellite image have been overlayed. As a result, it has been concluded that, the shore line’s positions of old riverbed is different than the former. Nowadays, there are more public, commercial and official buildings in this area. For this reason, some measures should be taken, before earthquake comes.Keywords: GIS, RS, riverbed, earthquake, Tokat Province.Bu çalışmada Tokat ilinin bir kısmının üzerinde kurulu olduğu Yeşilırmak Nehir Yatağı’nın eski ve yeni kullanım durumu CBS ve UA olanakları kullanılarak karşılaştırılmış ve deprem açısından değerlendirilmiştir.  Bu amaçla Yeşilırmak Nehri’nin ulaşılabilen en eski hava fotoğrafı (1963) ve Tokat İl merkezine ait 2000 ocak ayı IKONOS uydu görüntüsü ile çakıştırılarak karşılaştırma ve yorumlama yoluna gidilmiştir. Sonuç olarak 1963 yılında kesinlikle ırmak yatağı olduğu görülen yerlerde yoğun bir şekilde  yapılaşmanın oluştuğu ve deprem açısından sakıncalı olduğu ve dolayısıyla  gerekli tedbirlerin alınması önerilmiştir.    Anahtar Kelimeler: CBS, uzaktan algılama, nehir yatağı, deprem,Tokat

Uloga bespilotnih letjelica u praćenju naglih pojava klizišta

This study used an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that was designed and produced to monitor rapidly occurring landslides in forest areas. It aimed to determine the location data for the study area using image sensors integrated into the UAV. The study area was determined as the landslide sites located in the Taşlıçiftlik campus of Gaziosmanpaşa University, Turkey. It was determined that landslide activities were on going in the determined study area and data was collected regarding the displacement of materials. Additionally, it was observed that data about landslides may be collected in a fast and sensitive way using UAVs, and this method is proposed as a new approach. Flights took place over a total of five different periods. In order to determine the direction and coordinate variables for the developed model, eight Ground Control Points (GCPs), whose coordinates were obtained using the GNSS method, were placed on the study area. In each period, approximately 190 photographs were investigated. The photos obtained were analyzed using the Pix4D software. At the end of each period, the Root Mean Square and Ground Sample Distance (GSD) values of the GCPs were calculated. Orthomosaic and digital surface models (DSM) were produced for the location and height model. The results showed that max RMS=±3.3 cm and max GSD=3.57 cm. When the first and fifth periods were compared, the highest spatial displacement value ΔS=111.0 cm, the highest subsidence value Δh=37.3 cm and the highest swelling value Δh=28.6 cm were measured.U ovom radu korištena je bespilotna letjelica (UAV) koja je dizajnirana i proizvedena za potrebe praćenja nagle pojave klizišta u šumskim područjima. Njezin cilj je određivanje podataka o lokaciji područja istraživanja koristeći slikovne senzore ugrađene u UAV. Područje istraživanja je lokacija klizišta u kampusu Taşlıçiftlik Sveučilišta Gaziosmanpaşa, Turska. Utvrđeno je da se klizišta stalno pojavljuju u području istraživanja, a podaci su prikupljeni na temelju pomaka materijala. Osim toga, ustanovljeno je da se podaci o klizištima mogu prikupljati brzo i precizno koristeći UAV, te je ta metoda predložena kao novi pristup. Letovi su obavljeni kroz pet različitih razdoblja. Kako bi se utvrdile varijable smjera i koordinata za razvijeni model, na području istraživanja, postavljeno je osam stalnih točaka (GCP) čije su koordinate dobivene GNSS metodom. U svakom razdoblju proučeno je otprilike 190 fotografija. Dobivene fotografije su analizirane pomoću softvera Pix4D. Na kraju svakog razdoblja izračunate su vrijednosti Root Mean Square (RMS) i Ground Sample Distance (GSD) za GCP. Ortomozaični i digitalni modeli površine (DSM) izrađeni su za lokacijski i visinski model. Rezultati su pokazali da je maksimalni RMS=±3,3 cm, a maksimalni GSD=3,57 cm. Nakon usporedbe prvog i petog razdoblja, izmjerene su najviša vrijednost prostornog pomaka ΔS=111,0 cm, najviša vrijednost slijeganja Δh=37,3 cm i najviša vrijednost ispupčenosti Δh=28,6 cm

Determination the Appropriateness of Tokat Kazova Lands to Peach Cultivation Using Geographic Information System

Bu çalışma ile, Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi (CBS) olanakları kullanılarak, Tokat Kazova arazileri içerisinde şeftali yetiştirilebilecek bahçe alanları yerlerinin belirlemesi ve bu arazilerin şeftali yetiştiriciliğine uygunluk sınıflamasının yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Tokat Kazova koşulları için şeftali yetiştiriciliğine uygun alanların sınıflandırılmasında kriter olarak; arazilerin ovada mevcut su kaynaklarına uzaklıkları, arazilerin ovadaki mevcut su kaynaklarından olan kot farkları, toprak profil derinliği, toprak profil bünyesi, don riski, arazi bakısı, ve arazi eğimi dikkate alınmıştır. CBS ArcMap yazılımı ortamında bu kriterlerden her biri ağırlıkları ile birlikte ele alınarak, ağırlıklı veri analiz metodu ile şeftali yetiştiriciliği için uygun alanlar belirlenerek, sınıflandırılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda; çalışma alanı arazilerinin % 18’inin şeftali yetiştiriciliğine uygun, % 38’inin orta derecede uygun, % 15’inin düşük derecede uygun, % 11’inin çok düşük derecede uygun ve % 19’unun ise uygun olmadığı bulunmuştur. CBS ortamında yapılan uydu görüntülerinin analizleri sonucunda ise, genelde ovada kurulu bahçelerin yarıdan fazlasının şeftali yetiştiriciliği açısından 2. derecede uygun arazilerde yer aldığı, yetiştiricilik açısından 1. sınıf olarak belirlenen bir kısım arazilerin ise ana sulama kanallarının üstünde yer aldığı ve bunların mevcut durumda şeftali bahçesi olarak değerlendirilmediği sonuçları bulunmuştur.The aims of this study are to determine the appropriate peach orchard locations among Tokat Kazova lands and to classify the lands according to the suitability for peach cultivation by means of Geographic Information System (GIS). The distances and elevation differences of possible orchard locations to/from the available water resources, soil profile depth, soil profile texture, frost risk, land aspect, and land slope were considered as criterions to classify the lands of Tokat Kazova to determine appropriate lands for peach cultivation under Tokat Kazova conditions. These criterions with their average influence rates on peach cultivation were evaluated in the ArcMap software. The method of weighted data analysis was used to determine and classify the lands of Tokat Kazova for the purpose of peach cultivation. The analysis results showed that 18 % of study area is suitable for peach growing, 38 % is moderately suitable, 15 % is marginally suitable, 11 % is very low suitable and 19 % permanently not suitable. In addition, with the aids of satellite image in GIS, the analysis showed that; in general, more than half of the existed peach orchards were established on moderately suitable lands; and some of lands found as suitable were not evaluated as orchard since they are located above main irrigation channel

Determination of Some Characteristics of Village Settlement Areas Using Geographic Information System: Case Study of Zile District of Tokat Province

Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri son yıllarda yerleşim alanları ile ilgili sorunların çözümünde sıkça kullanılmakta ve birçok sorunun çözümünde etkin olanaklar sunarak, gerek karar vericilere gerekse uygulayıcılara büyük kolaylıklar sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Tokat İli Zile ilçesi köy yerleşim alanları, Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi (CBS) ve Uzaktan Algılama (UA) teknolojileri kullanılarak yükseklik, eğim, bakı, akarsu-dere yataklarına göre konum, Arazi Kullanım Kabiliyet Sınıfı, sıcaklık, nüfus ve nüfus yoğunluğu özellikleri bakımından irdelenmiş ve her bir yerleşim alanı için bu özelliklerin minimum, maksimum ve ortalama değerleri belirlenmiştir.Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Technologies are largely applied to determine the characteristics of settlements, and provide an effective tool for decision makers and implementers toward the solution of several problems. In this study, elevation, land slope, orientation, land utilization classification, temperature, population and population intensity characteristics of village settlements of Tokat-Zile town were evaluated by using remote sensing and geographical information technologies. Minimum, maximum and average values of these characteristics were determined, and applicability of these technologies was evaluated

PERCUTANEOUS DEVICE CLOSURE OF A LEFT VENTRICULAR PSEUDOANEURYSM VIA

Greg Huenergardt (second from left) was recently presented the 2014 Southwestern Oklahoma State University College of Pharmacy Professional Achievement Award at a ceremony on the Weatherford campus. Pharmacy Alumni Association President Dr. Tracie Simard (from left), College of Pharmacy Dean Dr. Dennis Thompson and Pharmacy Alumni Association President-Elect Dr. Sheldon Webb made the presentation.https://dc.swosu.edu/barkpic14/1357/thumbnail.jp